Ancient Egyptian Rulers were very influential to their societies. They were the ultimate ruler of the nation, and they controlled everything from religion to taxes. In addition to religion, pharaohs were also responsible for social status, and they had absolute power. Learn about their social roles, their religion, and foreign invasions.
Pharaoh’s absolute power
In ancient Egypt, the Pharaoh was the god-given ruler who governed by decree and owned a large part of the country. He directed land use, ensured the welfare of his people, and dispensed justice. The pharaoh had many responsibilities, and delegated some of them to his vizier. The vizier was the king’s chief justice, treasury chief, and overseer of treatrea.
The pharaoh was an intermediary between the gods and his people. He was often associated with the gods, including Horus, the god of the dead, and his son Set. He had a vast knowledge of the natural world and the fertility of his people, and could direct it.
In the third and fourth dynasties, Egypt was a land of prosperity and peace. During this time, the pharaoh held absolute power over the country, and had no real enemies from outside. The country was also very prosperous due to several successful military campaigns in neighboring countries. Despite this, the king’s absolute power gradually faltered as the nobility, priesthood, and Ra priesthood grew in power.
Religion of Ancient Egyptians
The religion of Ancient Egypt was based on the concept of heka (magic), which was personified by the god Heka. Heka was present from the beginning of creation, and existed as a power that allowed human beings to communicate with the gods. Heka was omnipresent and pervasive, and was deeply ingrained in everyday Egyptian life. It sustained the ma’at principle by influencing every aspect of daily life.
The Egyptians also believed in the gods and believed in their own divine powers. Their rulers were intermediaries between the gods and the people. They were expected to preserve the Ma’at, which is the order of the cosmos, and to align themselves with the forces of light.
The Egyptians believed that the body and soul were connected in the afterlife. To ensure this, they mummified their bodies. This allowed the spirit to receive the food and drink it needed on its journey to the afterlife. Mummified bodies were buried in a cemetery near the cult center of the gods.
Social status of Pharaohs
In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh was a member of a highly structured society. There was a hierarchy of social classes in Egypt, including nobles, soldiers, and priests. These officials worked for the pharaoh and were paid part of the pharaoh’s taxes. The nobles had some power over the lower classes, such as the peasants and slaves who flocked to their villages. There were also middle class people, including the craftsmen, merchants, and physicians.
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The social status of ancient Egyptians was determined by their parents, as well as by their occupation. Pharaohs ranked at the top, followed by nobles and priests. Then there were workers, craftsmen, and peasants. Usually, people in these classes lived in the same neighborhoods of the city. They often had fine homes, plenty of time to socialize, and were also quite wealthy.
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Pharaohs tended to be more powerful than ordinary people. They ruled over Egypt, but they were not free. Those below them were often forced to work in fields or farms to earn money. Pharaohs’ responsibilities changed, too. The role of the pharaoh shifted from being the protector of the people to that of a king. As a result, pharaoh statues emphasized their kingship rather than the social status of their people. They were also characterized by having large ears, thought to help them hear their people’s pleas. Read here but this awesome new character based out of Egyptian Mythology known as Ankha Zone.
Foreign invasions
During the early part of the Egyptian empire, the pharaohs ruled over vast territories from approximately 3100 B.C.E. However, at times they were not in full control. In fact, the first period of vulnerability to foreign invaders occurred around 1800 B.C.E., when the pharaohs failed to keep order. As a result, the Hyksos stepped in to fill the void. They took over much of northern Egypt and ruled over a tiny strip of land to the south. Their invasions have largely been proven by ancient artwork, but their identity remains a mystery.
During the Middle Kingdom period, the Assyrians invaded Egypt, but they withdrew after three hundred and twenty years. Egypt was able to hold off the second Persian invasion, but the third one was not successful. This was the final blow to the Egyptian control over their country.
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